Rising temperatures, rising tensions
The urban climate-conflict nexus amid the global housing crisis

01 January 2025
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)
English
Technical paper
Global
This report focuses on the intersection of climate change, conflict, and urbanisation, highlighting how these global crises converge in cities. It examines how climate impacts and armed violence amplify inequalities, strain housing, and damage infrastructure, while noting that cities are often overlooked in research and policy on the climate conflict nexus. It explores the links between climate change and urban conflict, including displacement, and identifies city-specific factors like concentrated inequality, informality, complex governance, and extreme heat that influence vulnerability. It then proposes research and action areas such as reducing shared vulnerabilities, preparing cities for climate- and conflict-related displacement, and building green, resilient cities and showcases UN-Habitat projects as practical examples of integrated solutions.
In short, the report argues that cities are both highly vulnerable to climate and conflict shocks, but they are also central to building effective resilience and peace strategiess.
Abstract based on original source.
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