Mapping New Approaches to Innovation Policy for Stronger Transformative Outcomes in Africa

This article discusses how science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies in Africa are evolving but remain limited by traditional, linear approaches that assume research and development automatically lead to social and economic benefits. It argues that despite growing STI activity, many policies fail to address inequality, social exclusion, and weak implementation. The article introduces two modern framework -Transformative Innovation Policy (TIP) and Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) -as more holistic, inclusive, and context-sensitive alternatives. TIP focuses on using innovation to drive social transformation and sustainability, while S3 emphasises place-based innovation aligned with local strengths and needs. Using Nigeria and Côtae d’Ivoire as case studies, the article highlights major evidence and data gaps that hinder effective policymaking, such as poor data on informal sectors, limited monitoring of R&D outcomes, and lack of localised insights. It concludes that by strengthening evidence systems, engaging diverse stakeholders, and tailoring STI policies to societal challenges, African countries can better harness innovation for inclusive and sustainable development.

Abstract based on original source.